Combined manual switch and fuse block



S. C. SHIPLEY ErAL couaxun MANUAL svu'rcu AND FUSE nwcx April 22, 1941.

Filed July 22, 1938 3 Sheets- Sheet 1' wigs Bemjmmmr in. 11

April 22, 1941. s. c. SHIPLEY ETAL CQMBINED MANUAL SWITCH AND FUSE BLOCK Filed July 22, 1938 I5 Sheets-Sheet 2 mw 3 m H mm 6 M w QM m m 62% an F A w a a April 22, 1941. s. c. SHIPLEY EI'AL COMBINED MANUAL SWITCH AND FUSE BLOCK Filed July 22, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Sumter! vcmmm1 @aslhi plleg Benjamin (9 (Incl-m Patented Apr. 22, 1941 2,239,660

um'rso STATES PATENT OFFICE COMBINED MANUAL SWITCH AND FUSE BLOCK Sylvanus C. Shlpley and Benjamin Cyr, Minnaapolls, Minn, asslgnors to Minneapolis-Honey.-

I well Regulator Company, Minneapolis, Minot, 3.

corporation of Delaware Application July 22, 1938, $erlol No. 220,! 1%

; I l8 @laims. (Cl. totlit) iscvention is directed to the combination Flgllrc 4 is a, section tclsch through both the of a manually operated switching dcvicc mclmt loose and the cover along the limo Md of Fists-"c cal on the same base as the receptacle for one or 3; room doses, the some being assembled as a unit. Figure 5 is c section also taken through moth is an object of this invention to provide a 5 hose and cover and along" the illicti d or; hovel means of assembling ct plorolity ct manual Figure 3;

ss-Jitchcs and c plurallty oi fuse sockets connected Figure 6 shows a section talzcrr through the series therewith, as a. chit... holder for tho cartridge type iuse along the line A further object isto provide acombined mam t--i of Figure 7, showing also the fuse socket in iral switch and fuse block in which one of the 10 section, and the modified form of central constctioincry contacts of the manual switch forms tact and a holding means for a. fuse socket. Figure 7 shows a front elevation of the fuse A further object is to provldc a novel means holder.

for releasably maintaining the operating handle The two part switch block which is indicated and shaft of a, rotatingblade type of switch in generally at it is comprised of a base it and a assembled relation, said means comprising abiascover ill for the base. The base ll is provided log spring and a metal clip which cooperates with with two vertical holes thcrethrough l3 and H.

the handle. An L-shaped metallic member i5 is frlctionally A still :[urther object is to provide a two part h ld in the hole l3 by means of a prong or lip 86, switch block in which a key is associated with the better shown in Figure 3. The upper end of the operating shaft for the switches for locking the member I5 is bent over as shown at H to form two parts of the block together. a fiat contact surface and the lower end of the A further object 01' this invention is to provide member [5 extends through the base to form a a holder for a. fuse of the cartridge type which terminal for electrical connection with an exmay in turn be screwed into one of the sockets ternal circuit. The hole H is Pr vi ed with a v of the fuse block. 'second metallic member l8 which is identical I Where the switch and iuse'block unit is being with the member 15 only it is turned 180 degrees used in a circuit which handles 220 volts or more, w h respect thereto. Member i8 is frlctlonally it is desirable to use fuses oi the cartridge type retained in the 1116 by means of the Pr ng 2 rather than or the plug type. In order that the Surrounding the upp r p rtion of the member same fuse block may be used in each case, 5;, i5 is a projection on the base ll which is of a holder for the cartridge type of fuse is provided squ f m and-is indicated at l9. A metallic which may screw into the sockets of the fuse sllcket 25 is Provided'wmch has a w apcd cuthloch, away portion at its lower extremity as indicated A still further object of this invention isto proat M which is adapted t 369$ r the p je vide interchangeable center contacts for the fuse tion it on the case M. A contact member 22 sockets, the contacts being so designed that with shown in Figur 3 is provided with Square b619, ne of them only the plug type of fuse may. be as indicated at 23,,which is adapted to be inserted placed in the socket to close the circuit, and with within the lower part of the socket 213 through the the other, only the cartridge type fuse holder may 40 cut-away portion and which s pted to Seat be placed in the socket to close the circuit. over the projection I9 01 the base. The member Another object is to provide a novel construc- 22 has a short tall 24 which extends outside of tlon for the holder for the cartridge fuse. the socket 20 and is for a purpose to be later dc- These and other objects will readily become apscribed. The opposite end of the member 22 is 7 parent as the following specification is read in bent upwardly, as shown at 25, and lsin the form the light of the accompanying drawings, in of an arc. The arcuate formation or this contact whichmay be more clearly seen with reference to Fig- Figure 1 is a side elevation of the device with we 2. the switch contacts shown in open position; Surrounding the contact member (8 is a second Figure 2 is another side elevation with the parts projection 26 on the base H and a socket 21 and in the same position, looking at the opposite side contact member 28 are seated over p iection 26 from that of Figure 1; in exactly the same manner as the socket 20 and Figure 3 is an enlarged plan view of the base member 22 are seated over the pr jection is.

, with the cover and rotatable switch blades re- It will be noted, however. with reference to Figmoved; ure 3 that the contact member 28 is turned.

180 degrees with respect to the contact member 22. The base II is provided at its opposite sides with two arcuate slots 36 and 3! through which a rotatable switch blade to be later described is adapted to move. A third hole 32 extends through the base II and into which is inserted one end of a contact member 33 which is of a zig-zag shape, as indicated in Figure 3. As shown in Figure 5, the end of the contact 33 which extends through the hole 42 is in the form of a terminal to which an external electric circuit may be connected. The other end of the member $3 is in the form of a flat contact, as indicated at 34 in Figure 1. The connecting portion 35 is seated in a slot 36 in the base ll. Another hole 31 is provided in the base II with another contact member 38 of identical shape with the contact 33 and which is mounted in the same manner but on the opposite side of the base II and turned 180 degrees with respect to the contact 38. The member" is also provided with a contact surface 39, as seen to form the two stationary contacts of an electric switch, as shown in Figure 2, and in Figure 1 it two contact surfaces 34 and 40 onally opposite to each other to my contacts of a second switch.

The cover I2 is and 42 are located diagform the stationshown) in the cover I! for properly positioning it on the base II. It will be noted that as the cover I! is placed on the base II it engages the contact members 35 and II to hold them properly in the slots in which they are mounted and sleeve 46 and will be rotated tion of the shaft 46. is provided at one end thereby upon rota- An operating handle 55 with a hexagonal hole 54 which is adapted to fit over the end 47 of the shaft 46 and is retained thereon by means of a metal clip 56 which engages a groove 57 in the shaft 46 and which has a bent over portion 58 which is inserted through a hole in the handle is seen that the 55 and which extends longitudinally of the shaft 46. The purpose of the clip 56 is to maintain the handle 55 on the shaft 46 and in engagement with the sleeve 48.

Mounted on the opposite end 66 of the shaft 46 is a second sleeve SI of identical formation with the sleeve 48 and in the same manner a switch arm 62 is mounted on the sleeve 6| so as to be rotated thereby on rotation of the shaft 46. The sleeve 61 is provided with a chamber 63 in which is located a compression spring 64. A second metallic clip 65 identical with the clip 56 engages groove 66 in the shaft 46 to confine the compression spring 64 between the inner end of the chamber 63 and the metal clip 65.

55 with the sleeve 48. The function of the spring 64 is therefore to maintain the operating handle, the two sleeves, and switch blades and the operating shaft in assembled relation.

The cover [2 is provided with a cut-away portion at each side of circular formation, as disclosed at 76 in Figure 1 and 7| in Figure 2, which in the base ii to form a path for the switch arms of the blades 5| and 62 as they are rotated by the handle 55.

The base H is provided with a slot 72 and the cover 12 is provided with a slot 73, the slots 72 and 73 registering with each other when the cover is properly placed on the base. It will be noted with reference to Figure 4 that the slot 12 in the base I I is provided with a pair of shoulders 14 against which the shoulders 15 of a key 16 are adapted to seat. The key 16 is inserted into the slots 72 and 13 as far as it will go, at which time a hole 77 in its upper end will register with the hole 45 through the cover I2. Referring to Figure 5, it will be seen that when the shaft 46 is positioned in the cover l2, it will extend also through the hole 71 of the key 76 and when are in engagement 26 on the base II.

The socket members 26 and 27 are next passed over the projections i9 and 26 and the contact members 22 and 28 are inserted through the cutbase if and properly positioned thereon by means of projections 43 which will extend into holes in the cover I 2. The key 76 is next inserted through the slots 72 and 73 until the hole 11 registers with the transverse hole 45 through the cover l2. At this time, the shaft 46 may be inserted through the hole 45 and the hole 71 of the key 76. The rotatable switch blade 62 may then be mounted on the sleeve 6: and the two of the shaft 46.

The metal confined within chamber 63.

end 60 of the shaft 46 and the spring 64 thus Next the switch blade is placed on the sleeve 48 and the two mounted on the other end of the shaft 46. The operating handle 55 is placed on the end of the shaft and it will be seen that before the metal clip 56 can be inserted in the groove 51 and the end 58 inserted through the hole in the handle 55, the shaft 46 must be moved slightly toward the left by compressing spring 64. This will permit the clip 56 to be properly mounted with respect to the shaft and handle 55 and when the shaft is released the spring 64 will move it towards the right, at which time the contact structure will be in assembled relation.

The circuits through this combined manual switch and fuse block may be very easily traced by referring to Figure 3. The end 33 of the contact 35 as described above forms one [terminal .to which an external circuit may be connected. The end 33 is electrically connected to the contact .surface 34 and when the switch blade 5| is in closed circuit position, the contact surface 34 will be electrically connected with the contact surface 40 which is in metallic contact with the socket 21 in which will be screwed a fuse which will connect the socket 21 with the center contact I8 which forms the other terminal to be connected in the external circuit. The circuit therefore passes through the manual switch 5| and the fuse in socket 27 in series. In like manner, the other circuit will pass through the contact member 38, the switch blade 62, the contact 22, socket 20, the fuse which will -be screwed therein and thence to the terminal I5. The two switches and fuses disclosed may either be placed in two sepa rate circuits or the pair of them may be located in the same circuit if desired.

The operation of the switch mechanism is believed to be obvious in view of the above description. In Figure 1, the operating handle is shown in its raised position at which time the switch blade 5| will be in open circuit position. Figure 2 shows the operating handle in the same position'but looks at the other end of the device showing the switch blade 52 in open circuit position. Referring back to Figure 1, if the operating handle 55 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction through an angle of 90 degrees, the switch blade 5| will be rotated so that it will make contact with the contact surface 34 and contact surface 40 and electrically connect them. At the same time, the switch blade 62 will have been rotated through an angle of 90 degrees in a clockwise direction as viewed in Figure 2 and will have electrically connected the contact surface 39 with the contact surface 25. It will thus be seen that the two switches are operated in unison and they are both opened or both closed at the same time.

The above description has been directed to a fuse socket for accommodating a fuse of the plug type, which is the type of fuse used on circuits carrying around 110 volts. Where it is desired to use the present combined manual switch and fuse block in a circuit carrying 220 volts, it will be necessary to use fuses of the cartridge type and it is obvious that the present fuse block is not adapted to receive cartridge type fuses unless some special type of fuse holder is provided.

Such afuse holder will now be described.

Referring to Figures 6 and 7, reference numeral 90 indicates a unitary piece of insulating material comprising a base portion 9| and an extending supporting portion 92, The base portion 9| is exteriorly threaded to receive a cylindrical conducting strip 93 which is screw-threaded to it and adapted to be received in one of the sockets of the fuse plug. A U shaped clip is indicated at 94 having a conducting strip 95 integrally connected therewith, said conducting strip being inserted through a slot 96 in the base and a slot 91 in the support 92. The strip 95 is permanently electrically connected to the conductor 93' by means of solder 98. A thin strip of insulating material 99 is placed over the strip 95 so that a second U shaped metallic clip I00 which seats on the base 9| is insulated with respect to the clip 94. The bottom portion of clip I00 is provided with a screw-threaded hole IN. The base 9| is provided with a chamber I02 at its outer end and at the inner end of the chamber is a hole I03 which registers with the hole IOI but which is of a slightly larger size. A screw I04 is inserted through the hole I03 and engages the screw threads in the hole I 0| of the clip I00 and is tightened therein by means of the head I05 compressing a spring washer I05 against the base 9|. It will be seen that the screw I04 holding .the clip I00 in position also maintains the insulation 99 as well as the clip 94 and strip 95 in assembled relation with the body 92.

The clips 94 and I00 are adapted to receive the metallic terminals H0 and III of the cartridge type fuse I|2 illustrated in Figure 6. The fuse I I2 may be mounted in the holder after which the whole assembly may be screwed as a unit into one of the sockets of the fuse block, for example the socket 20.

It is a purpose of this invention to provide a single fuse block for use in either a low voltage or a high voltage system but to provide a means for preventing the use of a plug type fuse when the fuse block is intended for use in a high volt age system, and on the other hand to prevent the use of a cartridge type fuse when the fuse block is intended for use in a low voltage system. This is accomplished by using a different type of central contact for the fuse socket for each of the two circuits and to design the special fuse holder so that it will cooperate with only one of the two types of central contacts. Where the fuse block is to be used on a low voltage system, the short fiat central contact is used, such as is indicated at I8 in Figure 4. As shown in this figure, the plug type fuse may be inserted in the socket 21 to close the circuit between the socket 21 and the central contact I8. If the special fuse holder 90 were screwed into the socket 21, it will be seen that the contact I8 would not extend up into the chamber I02 in the base 9| so that the circuit would not be completed from the socket 21 to the contact I8. Therefore it will be impossible to use a cartridge type fuse with the short central contact l8.

Where it is desired to use the switch block in a high voltage circuit, a long central contact such as is indicated at 5 in Figure 6 is used, it being noted that the upper end N6 of the contact H5 is U shaped and extends nearly up to the top of the socket 20 but that it is mounted in the hole I3 and cooperates with the base II in the same manner as the contact I5 in Figure 4. Now when the fuse holder 90 is screwed into the socket 20, the contact |I5 will engage the head I05 of the screw I04 so that a circuit will be completed from the contact II5, screw I04, clip I00, through the fuse II2 to the clip 94, conducting strip 95, and back to the socket 20. It will be noted that the on act I 5 e tends so high up into the socket 20 that it is impossible to screw a plug type fuse in the socket such as is indicated at 2! in Figure 4, into the socket. This arrangement makes it impossible to nuke a mistake and insert the wrong type of fuse into the fuse block.

One of the important features in this invention is the fact that in this unit there are no permanent connections made. To take the entire structure apart, it is necessary only to press inwardly on the end CI of the shaft 48, thus compressing the spring U4 and slide the operating arm I! slightly toward the right, as viewed in Figure 5, after which the metallic clip 58 may be removed as well as the operating handle 55 and then the entire shaft may be pulled out towards the right. After this has been done, the entire structure can immediately be easily disassembled.

It will be noted that the operating handle 55 is provided with a bent over portion III on which appears the word off and that the flattened surface II is provided with the word on. This is so that when the present unit is mounted in a casing with only the handle protruding there from it can be determined by looking downwardly on the device as viewed in Figure '1 whether the switch is open or closed. Four slots '2 are provided in the base Ii for the purpose of mounting a thin strip of insulating material if it is desired to protect the casing in which the unit is to be mounted from sparks which might be caused by arcing at the switch contacts.

Certain modifications ofthis invention may occur to those who are skilled in the art, and it is therefore understood that we are to be limited by the scope of the appended claims and not by the specific embodiment disclosed.

We claim as our invention:

1. In combination, a base, a switch comprising a pair of stationary contact members and a rotatable switch blade mounted on said base, means for rotating said blade, a fuse socket including a shell and a center terminal electrically insulated from one another mounted in said base, one of said contact members engaging the shell of said socket to electrically connect it with said switch and also to maintain the entire socket on said base.

2. In combination, a base, a switch comprising a pair of stationary contact members and a rotatable switch blade mounted on said base, means for rotating said blade, a fuse socket mounted in said base, one of said contact members engaging said socket to electrically connect it with said switch and also to maintain it on said base, the other of said contact members extending downwardly through said base to form a terminal, and a second terminal extending upwardly through said base to cooperate with said socket.

3. A switch mechanism comprising in combination, a base, a pair of spaced stationary contacts mounted on said base, said base having a hole between said contacts, a rotatable shaft extending through said hole, a switch blade mounted on said shaft and rotatable thereby into and out of engagement with said stationary contacts, an operating handle mounted on said shaft, a clip on said shaft preventing removal of said handle unless said shaft is moved longitudinally, and a spring resisting longitudinal movement of said shaft.

4. A switch mechanism comprising in combination, a base, a pair of spac stationary 0031-" aaaaseo tacts mounted onsaid base, said base having a hole between said contacts, a rotatable shaft extending through said hole, a switch blade mounted on said shaft and rotatable thereby into and out of engagement with said stationary contacts, an operating handle mounted on one end of said shaft, a spring mounted on the other end of said shaft, 9. spring retainer cooperating with the outer end of said spring, a bearing member for the inner end of said spring, said spring tending to pull said shaft through said hole, and a clip cooperating with said handle to prevent said shaft from passing through said hole, a bearing member, said handle being held against said bearing member by said spring, said clip being incapable of removal unless said shaft is moved slightly against the action of said spring.

5. In combination, a base, a first pair of stationary switch contacts mounted on one side of said base, a second pair of stationary contacts mounted on the opposite side oi said base, said base having a hole extending tiiierethzri'vugh from said one side to the other, shaft rotatably mounted in said hole and extending out sligh y beyond said base on each side, a first sleeve slidably mounted on one end oi said shaft, or contact blade mounted on said sleeve for cooperation with one pair of stationary contacts, no other sleeve and contact blade mounted on the other end of said shaft, both sleeves and contact blades being adapted to rotate with said shaft, an operating handle fixed on said other end of said shaft, and resilient means on said one end of said shaft holding the sleeves, contact blades, operating handle, and shaft in assembled rela-- tion.

6. In combination, a base, a first pair of stationary switch contacts mounted on one side of said base, a second pair of stationary contacts mounted on the opposite side of said base, said base having a hole extending therethrough from said one side to the other, a shaft rotatably mounted in said hole and extending out slightly beyond said base on each side, a first sleeve slidably mounted on one end of said shaft, a first contact blade mounted on said sleeve for cooperation with one pair of stationary contacts, another sleeve and contact blade mounted on the other end of said shaft, both sleeves and contact blades being adapted to rotate with said shaft, an operating handle fixed on said other end of said shaft, a first metal clip removably mounted on said shaft and extending inwardly through a hole in said handle for preventing said handle fr m being forced oil. the end of said shaft, a recess in the outer end of said first sleeve, a sec and metal clip mounted on said shaft, and a compression spring confined in said recess by means of said second clip.

'7. In combination, a base, a first pair of stationary switch contacts mounted on one side of said base, a second pair of stationary contacts mounted on the opposite side of said base, said base having a hole extending therethrough from said one side to the other, a shaft rotatnbly':

mounted in said hole and extending out slightly beyond said base on each side, a first sleeve slidably mounted on one end of said shaft, 9. first contact blade mounted on said sleeve for cooperation with one pair of stationary contacts, another sleeve and contact blade mounted on the other end of said shaft, both sleeves and contact blades being adapted to rotate with said shaft, an operating handle fixed on said other end of said shaft, a metal clip removably mounted on said shaft extending inwardly through a hole in said handle whereby said handle must first be moved inwardly of said shaft before said clip can be removed, and resilient means on said one end of said shaft for resisting such relative movement of the handle and clip whereby said pants are releasablyheld in assembled relation.

8. A device of the character described comprising in combination, a base, a first metallic member extending through said base and forming a first stationary switch contact and also a terminal for connection with an outside circuit, a fuse socket mounted on said base, a second metalllc member forming a second stationary switch contact and also engaging said socket to maintain it in position, a rotatably mounted switch blade for electrically connecting said stationary contacts, and a third metallic member extending through saidbase to form a second terminal for being within the socket to complete the circuit when a fuse is screwed into said socket.

A device of the character described compr combination, a base, a first metallic mem attending theough said base and forming stationary switch contact and also a ter-= minal for connection with an outside circuit, a fuse socket mounted on said base, a second me tallio member forming a second stationary switch contact and also engaging said socket to main tain it in position, a rotatably mounted switch blade for electrically connecting said stationary contacts, a third metallic member extending through said base to form a second terminal for connection with the outside circuit, the other end being within the socket to complete the circuit when a fuse is screwed into said socket, a cover for said base, said cover having a hole adapted to accommodate the fuse socket, said cover clamping said first and second metallic members and holding them in place, and means for connecting said cover to the base.

10. A device of the character described comprising in combination, a base, a first metallic member extending through said base and forming a first stationary sgvitch contact and also a terminal for connection with an outside circuit, a fuse socket mounted on said base, a second metallic member. forming a second stationary switch contact and also engaging said socket to maintain it in position, a rotatably mounted switch blade for electrically connecting said stationary contacts, a third metallic member extending through said base to form a second terminal for connecting with the outside circuit, the other end being within the socket to complete the circuit when a fuse is screwed into said socket, a cover for said base, said cover having a chamber adapted to accommodate the fuse socket, said cover having a transverse hole therethrough, a

' shaft in said hole, said switch blade being mounted for rotation by said shaft, and means engaged by said shaft when it is in said hole for maintaining said base and cover in assembled relationship.

ll. A device of the character described comprising in combination, a base, a first metallic member extending through said base and forming a first stationary switch contact and also a terminal for connection with an outside circuit, a fuse socket mounted on said base, a second metallic member forming a second stationary switch contact and also engaging said socket to maintain it in position, a rotatably mounted switch blade for electrically connecting said stationary contacts, a third metallic member extending through said base to form a second terminal for connection withthe outside circuit, the other end being within the socket to complete the circuit when a fuse is screwed into said socket, a cover for said base, said cover having a chamber adapted to accommodate the fuse socket, said cover having a transverse hole therethrough, a shaft in said hole, said switch blade being mounted for rotation by said shaft, and means engaged by said shaft when it is in said hole for maintaining said base and cover in assembled relationship, said means comprising a key, registering slots in said base and cover, said key being positioned in said slots and extending through said base and into said cover, a hole in said key which registers with the transverse hole through said cover, and a shoulder on said key holding said base in engagement with said cover.

12. in combination, a two part switch block comprising a base and a cover, a pair of stationary contacts mounted on said base, a shaft rotatably mounted in said cover, a switch blade rotated by said shaft into and out of cooperation with said stationary contacts, and a key, said shaft engaging said key to lock said base and cover to gather.

13. in combination, a two part switch block comprising a base and a cover, a pair of stationary contacts mounted on one side of said base, a second pair of stationary contacts mounted on the other side of said base, a pair of fuse sockets mounted on said base, a pair of chambers in said cover for housing said sockets, said cover having a transverse hole therethrough, shaft rotatably mounted in said hole, two switch blades mounted on said shaft, one for each pair of stationary contacts, an operating handle for said shaf and means engaged by said shaft for holding said base and cover together.

14. A combined manual switch and fuse block comprising in combination, a base, said base having two holes, two metallic members each frictionally retained in one of the holes, two fuse sockets, each socket being mounted on said base around one of said members, two stationary contacts, each contact engaging one of said sockets to hold it in proper position, two additional holes in said base, two additional contacts each ex tending through a hole in said base, a cover for said base having two chambers each of which houses one of the sockets, said cover having a transverse hole therethrough, a shaft loosely mounted in said last named hole, two contact blades removably mounted on said shaft for rotation thereby, each blade cooperating with two of said stationary contacts, registering slots in said base and cover, a key in said slots, a shoulder on said key engaging said base, said key having a hole registering with the transverse hole through said cover and through which said shaft I extends whereby when said shaft is in place said cover and base are locked together clamping said said member for removably supporting a cartridge type fuse, and means on said member electrically connecting said central contact and socket to said fuse holding means when said member is screwed into said socket.

16. A holder for a cartridge type fuse comprising in combination, a base of insulating material, a screw-threaded conducting member sur rounding said base, an extending support integral with said base, a spring clip at the distal forming an electrical contact for said fuse holder.

17. In combination, a base, a switch including stationary contact means and a rotatable switch blade mounted on said base, means for rotating said blade, a fuse socket including a shell and a center terminal electrically insulated from one another mounted in said base, said stationary contact means engaging the shell of said socket to electrically connect it with said switch and also to maintain the entire socket on said base.

18. In combination, a two part switch block comprising a base and a cover, stationary contact means mounted on said base, a shaft rotatably mounted in said cover, a switch blade rotated by said shaft into and out of cooperation with said stationary contact means, and a key, said shaft engaging said key to lock said base and said cover together.

SYLVANUS C. SHIPIEY, BENJAMIN CYR. 

